近日，美国约翰·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院（Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health）研究人员的一项最新研究表明，每天在社交媒体平台上花费超3小时的青少年，其患心理健康问题（抑郁、焦虑和孤独症等）的风险要比其他人高出60%。
该研究发表在国际著名精神医学期刊《JAMA Psychiatry》上。
Social media linked to increased risk of mental health problems
The Telegraph
Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have double the risk of mental health problems as those who shun it, research suggests.
shun /ʃʌn/ 表示“（故意）避开，躲开（某人或某物）”，英文解释为“to deliberately avoid someone or something”举个🌰：
From that time forward everybody shunned him.
从那时起，人人都有意回避他。
The study of more than 6,000 children aged 12 to 15 found those who used social media more heavily were more likely to report issues such as depression, anxiety and loneliness, as well as aggression and anti-social behaviour, than teenagers who did not use social media.
The findings held true even when researchers took into account mental health problems experienced by any young person in the year before they were asked about social media use.
表示“保持有效，仍是真的”，英文解释为“to continue to be true”举个🌰：
Their arguments were valid a hundred years ago and they still hold true today.
100年前他们的论点令人信服，今天也仍然适用。
The research, from a team at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland, was published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry.
Some previous studies have suggested no link between poorer mental health and screen time.
Dr Rina Dutta, senior clinical lecturer at King's College London (KCL) and consultant psychiatrist, said: "A major strength of this study compared to previous research is that the researchers took into account mental health problems the young people already had a year prior to the measurement of social media use.
psychiatrist /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/表示“精神病医生”，英文解释为“A psychiatrist is a doctor who treats people suffering from mental illness.”
"This largely overcomes the 'what came first – mental health problem or high social media use?' question."
The study looked at two types of behaviours that can indicate mental health problems: Internalising and externalising.
表示“将（情感）藏在心底；使（想法、态度、信仰等）成为性格的一部分，使内化”，英文解释为“If you internalize your emotions or feelings, you do not allow them to show although you think about them. To accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character”举个🌰：
Many women tend to internalize their anxiety and distress.
许多女性常常将所有的焦虑和苦恼都深藏心底。
表示“表露，表达（尤指不愉快的情绪）”，英文解释为“to express feelings, especially bad feelings, such as anger”举个🌰：
You have to learn to externalize your anger.
你得学会把愤怒发泄出来。
Internalising can involve social withdrawal or difficulty coping with anxiety or depression.
Externalising can include aggression or disobeying instructions.
The study found that the use of social media for at least three hours a day was associated with around twice the risk of mental health problems, compared with those who shunned it.
Lead author Kira Riehm said: "Many existing studies have found a link between digital or social media use and adolescent health, but few look at this association across time.
In academic publishing, the lead author, or first author, is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit. 在前沿研究介绍的文章中基本上都会出现lead author这个说法，此处指该项研究论文的第一作者，主要作者。
"We cannot conclude that social media causes mental health problems, but we do think that less time on social media may be better for teens' health."
The study found that fewer than 17 per cent of adolescents did not use social media.
Of those that did, 32 per cent spent less than 30 minutes a day, 31 per cent spent 30 minutes to three hours, 12 per cent spent three to six hours and 8 per cent spent more than six hours per day.
Ms Riehm said: "Social media has the ability to connect adolescents who may be excluded in their daily life.
"We need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible negative health outcomes."
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